NumPy
Hacker ApprovedRanked 3 of 14 Python libraries by recommenders
People recommend it as the standard fast array math library for Python; critics note overhead on small data and a limited interface.
People recommend it as the standard fast array math library for Python; critics note overhead on small data and a limited interface.
118 people gave an opinion
- recommend it
- 86
- criticize it
- 32
- approval share
- 73%
Recommended in 12 of 13 months
- November 2025: recommended
- December 2025: recommended
- January 2026: recommended
- February 2026: recommended
- March 2026: recommended
- April 2026: recommended
- May 2026: recommended
- June 2026: recommended
- July 2026: recommended
- August 2026: recommended
- September 2026: recommended
- October 2026: recommended
- November 2026: not recommended (month in progress)
Why it carries the badge
- 86 people recommend itNeeds 10 or more, met.
- 2.7 recommenders for every criticNeeds 2 to 1 or better, met.
- Recommended in 12 of 13 monthsNeeds 4 or more, met.
The same three rules apply to every product, and the badge can’t be bought. How the badge works
What people say about it
The reasons people give, with the number of comments that give each one. Open a reason to read what they said.
Why people recommend it
Each mark is one comment
Fast, backed by compiled C code
“Numpy is wrapping around C data structures that the loading process loads into”
Comment from 31 Jan 2026 in “NumPy in C (2014)” “If you need speed and efficiency on your local machine, you use NumPy outright”
Comment from 2 Dec 2025 in “Python Data Science Handbook” “calling out to external code that isn't written in Python (e.g., NumPy, etc)”
Comment from 6 Nov 2025 in “How often does Python allocate?” - Comment from 28 Mar 2026 in “Telnyx v4.87.1 and v4.87.2 are compromised by TeamPCP”
Foundation for data science and ML
“libraries, and specifically NumPy, are the reason Python is still in the picture today”
Comment from 17 Mar 2026 in “Python 3.15's JIT is now back on track” “Without NumPy and Pandas, ML in Python would never have been a thing.”
Comment from 28 Jan 2026 in “Pandas 3.0” “numpy is the the de-facto foundation for data science in python”
Comment from 27 Dec 2025 in “How uv got so fast” Strong ecosystem of scientific packages
“Python's combination of readable syntax and powerful libraries (NumPy, SymPy, Matplotlib)”
Comment from 25 Dec 2025 in “Online Book: Exploring Mathematics with Python” “Numpy is a really great library making all of those scientific packages”
Comment from 12 Nov 2025 in “Learn Prolog Now (2006)” “extremely easy to use, fast and extensive in the whole ecosystem”
Comment from 26 Nov 2025 in “Python is not a great language for data science” Readable, close to whiteboard math
“writing matrix maths in numpy is much easier thanks to not having to make this arbitrary distinction”
Comment from 16 Dec 2025 in “In Defense of Matlab Code” “For linear algebra and ML with Jax/Numpy I find it quite readable.”
Comment from 20 Aug 2026 in “Mojo is now open source!” “Numpy is a bit more verbose but still 1-to-1 with the whiteboard.”
Comment from 15 Dec 2025 in “In Defense of Matlab Code”
What people warn about
Each mark is one comment
Limited interface and fewer language features
“not having zero overhead structs that one can in an array handicaps types of performance codes one can write”
Comment from 27 Feb 2026 in “Julia: Performance Tips” “While Numpy has many similar operations, it lacks the terseness, concepts like trains and forks etc.”
Comment from 17 Nov 2025 in “Open-source Zig book” “numpy has the same problem as blas basically, right? The limited interface.”
Comment from 15 Mar 2026 in “Python: The Optimization Ladder” - Comment from 4 Aug 2026 in “We accidentally built an LLVM compiler for Jax”
Unopinionated, awkward ergonomics
“numpy tries to be this highly unopinionated tool that can do everything, and ends up annoying to use anywhere”
Comment from 15 Dec 2025 in “In Defense of Matlab Code” “it's a shame to have to bring in a bazooka to get decent ergonomics and performances”
Comment from 14 Dec 2025 in “An Implementation of J (1992)” “it's much less convenient and less self explanatory than the apl system”
Comment from 14 May 2026 in “Saying Goodbye to one line of APL” Overhead, can be slower than Python
“NumPy does make the mechanism clearer, but aside from learning purposes, it might be a bit slow.”
Comment from 28 Sep 2026 on Hacker News “NumPy, PyTorch, JAX have non-trivial overhead, and might even be slower than vanilla Python”
Comment from 15 Mar 2026 in “Python: The Optimization Ladder” Heavy dependencies, overkill for simple tasks
“adding Pandas and NumPy which have numerous (really: squillions of) dependencies outside the foundation library”
Comment from 26 Nov 2025 in “Python is not a great language for data science” “NumPy solves this but is heavyweight and often overkill for 1D data.”
Comment from 1 Jan 2026 in “Show HN: Arrayops – 100x faster Python array operations with Rust”
Other Python libraries people recommend
The four most recommended other Python libraries, with the same counts for each, so you can compare like for like. The tick on each bar marks the 2 to 1 line the badge needs.
| Product | Recommend | Criticize | Approval | Months | Owned | Badge |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polars | 152 | 50 | 75% | 12 | 1 yr3 owners | Approved |
| pandas | 93 | 98 | 49% | 11 | 10 yrs7 owners | — |
| NumPyThis page | 86 | 32 | 73% | 12 | — | Approved |
| SciPy | 12 | 2 | 86% | 7 | — | Approved |
| sh Python library | 10 | 2 | 83% | 6 | — | Approved |
What people said
40 of the 130 comments that mention it, newest first. Each links to the original comment.
“Most performance sensitive features are already available in python between numpy, numba and Cython”
“NumPy does make the mechanism clearer, but aside from learning purposes, it might be a bit slow.”
“For linear algebra and ML with Jax/Numpy I find it quite readable.”
“Numpy still doesn't have the semantics of a full programming language”
“I’d happily start with the NumPy version and only reach for a vector DB once it actually hurts.”
“numpy style construction is quick to write and performs (and reads) much better than”
“it's much less convenient and less self explanatory than the apl system”
“it took until numpy to provide the right ergonomics for everyday developers to stop thinking in loops”
“NumPy, SciPy, and pandas gave them a decent glue layer over C and Fortran”
“libraries, and specifically NumPy, are the reason Python is still in the picture today”
“NumPy, PyTorch, JAX have non-trivial overhead, and might even be slower than vanilla Python”
“numpy has the same problem as blas basically, right? The limited interface.”
“C extensions written against the CPython C-API such as numpy, lxml and many crypto libraries that either fail or run poorly under PyPy's cpyext”
“not having zero overhead structs that one can in an array handicaps types of performance codes one can write”
“I love how you stuck with pure Python libraries - tkinter, numpy, and sounddevice.”
“Numpy is wrapping around C data structures that the loading process loads into”
“Without NumPy and Pandas, ML in Python would never have been a thing.”
“What's the utility in burning energy to regenerate this all the time when implementations already exist?”
“Just using Numpy also makes sure you get the math right without having to deal with higher level frameworks or c++ libraries.”
“NumPy solves this but is heavyweight and often overkill for 1D data.”
“please do at least use Numba or Numpy so you aren't paying huge overheads for making an object of every little datum”
“numpy is the the de-facto foundation for data science in python”
“Python's combination of readable syntax and powerful libraries (NumPy, SymPy, Matplotlib)”
“Pandas and Numpy made it quite easy to get up and running with a lot of analytics.”
“By the 2010s, I was hearing about all these people that were not using R, but were using NumPy and SciPy.”
“writing matrix maths in numpy is much easier thanks to not having to make this arbitrary distinction”
“numpy tries to be this highly unopinionated tool that can do everything, and ends up annoying to use anywhere”
“Numpy is a bit more verbose but still 1-to-1 with the whiteboard.”
“it's a shame to have to bring in a bazooka to get decent ergonomics and performances”
“Pair it with numpy and matplotlib (two external dependencies that personally I consider part of Python itself)”
“you'd be surprised at the response when I showed some of them how to do it in python numpy”
“If you need speed and efficiency on your local machine, you use NumPy outright”
“it's a solved problem and Python is eating good in terms of quality dataframe libraries”
“extremely easy to use, fast and extensive in the whole ecosystem”
“adding Pandas and NumPy which have numerous (really: squillions of) dependencies outside the foundation library”
“"Hacks" 4-10 could easily be replaced with "use numpy." Performance gains from doing math better in pure Python are minimal compared with numpy.”
“While Numpy has many similar operations, it lacks the terseness, concepts like trains and forks etc.”
“Numpy is a really great library making all of those scientific packages”
“Move your performance critical kernels outside Python. Numpy, Pytorch, external databases, Golang microservice, etc.”
“calling out to external code that isn't written in Python (e.g., NumPy, etc)”
Counts come from 1,795,640 Hacker News comments, November 2025 to November 2026. How we count. Report a mistake.