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microgpt by Andrej Karpathy

Hacker Approved

Minimal GPT implementation in Learning

Recommended as a tiny, readable GPT in pure Python that shows the whole training pipeline end-to-end. Caveat: some find the accompanying site assumes too much prior knowledge.

Recommended as a tiny, readable GPT in pure Python that shows the whole training pipeline end-to-end. Caveat: some find the accompanying site assumes too much prior knowledge.

44 people gave an opinion

recommend it
37
criticize it
7
approval share
84%
Each figure is one person. RecommendsCriticizes

Recommended in 6 of 13 months

  1. November 2025: not recommended
  2. December 2025: not recommended
  3. January 2026: not recommended
  4. February 2026: recommended
  5. March 2026: recommended
  6. April 2026: not recommended
  7. May 2026: recommended
  8. June 2026: recommended
  9. July 2026: recommended
  10. August 2026: recommended
  11. September 2026: not recommended
  12. October 2026: not recommended
  13. November 2026: not recommended (month in progress)

Why it carries the badge

  • 37 people recommend itNeeds 10 or more, met.
  • 5.3 recommenders for every criticNeeds 2 to 1 or better, met.
  • Recommended in 6 of 13 monthsNeeds 4 or more, met.

The same three rules apply to every product, and the badge can’t be bought. How the badge works

What people say about it

The reasons people give, with the number of comments that give each one. Open a reason to read what they said.

Why people recommend it

Each mark is one comment

What people warn about

Each mark is one comment

  • Site seen as thin, AI-generated

    “The attached website is a fully ai-generated "visualization" based on the original blog post with little added.”

    Comment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

    “this is just a low-quality post with mostly empty words”

    Comment from 17 Feb 2026 in “Show HN: Andrej Karpathy's microgpt.py to C99 microgpt.c – 4,600x faster”

What people recommend instead

The same counts for each, so you can compare like for like. The tick on each bar marks the 2 to 1 line the badge needs.

microgpt by Andrej Karpathy compared with 1 alternative
ProductRecommendCriticizeApprovalMonthsOwnedBadge
microgpt by Andrej KarpathyThis page37784%6—Approved
nanoGPT by Andrej Karpathy80100%6——

What people said

40 of the 47 comments that mention it, newest first. Each links to the original comment.

“does an awesome job explaining the very foundations of LLMs making it super understandable”

RecommendsComment from 25 Aug 2026 in “Show HN: A minimal implementation of LLM output watermarking”

“worthy of genuine applaud for being a good starting point for further work”

RecommendsComment from 19 Aug 2026 in “Microgpt in pure C hits 10M tps on Apple m5”

“I found it very helpful to look at karpathy's microgpt, a barebones LLM in 200 lines of python.”

RecommendsComment from 17 Jul 2026 in “What loss.backward() actually does”

“Definitely Andrej Kapathy's 250 line code of Micro GPT.”

RecommendsComment from 28 Jun 2026 in “Ask HN: Smallest amount of working ML weights that can be tattooed on a body?”

“is the best in this genre in a long time”

RecommendsComment from 8 Jun 2026 in “The Smallest Brain You Can Build: A Perceptron in Python”

“Microgpt is really good, if you want to understand exactly what happens.”

RecommendsComment from 6 Jun 2026 in “How LLMs Work”

“I thought Karpathy’s microgpt explain how LLMs work”

RecommendsComment from 6 Jun 2026 in “How LLMs Work”

“It's so small and so fast to train, you can really dig deep into the optimization landscape.”

RecommendsComment from 5 Mar 2026 in “NanoGPT Slowrun: Language Modeling with Limited Data, Infinite Compute”

“made it fast enough that you can also throw it around and learn its behavior by feel”

RecommendsComment from 3 Mar 2026 in “EEmicroGPT: 19,000× faster microgpt training on a laptop CPU (loss vs. time)”

“this gpt just outputs random shit that looks like names”

CriticizesComment from 2 Mar 2026 in “MicroGPT Explained Interactively”

“Now you can train it in under a second on one CPU core with no dependencies”

RecommendsComment from 2 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“The attached website is a fully ai-generated "visualization" based on the original blog post with little added.”

CriticizesComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“the website is pretty neat if you are learning LLM internals”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“I feel its wrong to call it microgpt, since its smaller than nanogpt”

MixedComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“As helpful again to an ML novice like me as Karpathy's original.”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“This guy is so amazing! With his video and the code base”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“together with the code it makes it so clear!”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“projects like this can spark creativity and critical thinking”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“it's great for exactly that purpose”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“the code is more or less a standard assignment in all Deep Learning courses”

CriticizesComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“Great stuff! I wrote an interactive blogpost that walks through the code and visualizes it”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“incredibly useful for learning in depth the core of LLM's”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“That is really beautiful literate program.”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“What I find most valuable about this kind of project is how it forces you to understand the entire pipeline end-to-end.”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“It's like the same thing over and over again.”

CriticizesComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“Andrej's code is really quite poetic, I love how much it packs into such a concise program”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“This is beautiful and highly readable”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“Karapthy with another gem !”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“when you see the memory layout spelled out in raw mallocs instead of hidden behind PyTorch abstractions”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“things you thought were hard in fact fit in a screen”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“it's a great learning tool and it shows it can be done concisely”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“a project like this can be invaluable for education”

RecommendsComment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”

“I love the visualizations, especially the next token probabilities”

RecommendsComment from 24 Feb 2026 in “Show HN: Microgpt-ts – Full GPT in 500 lines of TypeScript, zero dependencies”

“this is just a low-quality post with mostly empty words”

CriticizesComment from 17 Feb 2026 in “Show HN: Andrej Karpathy's microgpt.py to C99 microgpt.c – 4,600x faster”

“Really nicely presented, well done!”

RecommendsComment from 16 Feb 2026 in “Show HN: Microgpt is a GPT you can visualize in the browser”

“on my desktop it works great!”

MixedComment from 16 Feb 2026 in “Show HN: Microgpt is a GPT you can visualize in the browser”

“The linked inspiration has a good blog post of microgpt implemented in python.”

RecommendsComment from 16 Feb 2026 in “Show HN: Microgpt is a GPT you can visualize in the browser”

“I can actually run the training loops, which makes sense given the simplicity of the original microgpt”

RecommendsComment from 16 Feb 2026 in “Show HN: Microgpt is a GPT you can visualize in the browser”

“Wtok and Wpos should be 26-dim along one of the axis but it shows a 16x16 matrix be default”

CriticizesComment from 16 Feb 2026 in “Show HN: Microgpt is a GPT you can visualize in the browser”

“this site assumed a bit too much knowledge for me to get much from it”

MixedComment from 16 Feb 2026 in “Show HN: Microgpt is a GPT you can visualize in the browser”

Counts come from 1,795,640 Hacker News comments, November 2025 to November 2026. How we count. Report a mistake.