microgpt by Andrej Karpathy
Hacker ApprovedMinimal GPT implementation in Learning
Recommended as a tiny, readable GPT in pure Python that shows the whole training pipeline end-to-end. Caveat: some find the accompanying site assumes too much prior knowledge.
Recommended as a tiny, readable GPT in pure Python that shows the whole training pipeline end-to-end. Caveat: some find the accompanying site assumes too much prior knowledge.
44 people gave an opinion
- recommend it
- 37
- criticize it
- 7
- approval share
- 84%
Recommended in 6 of 13 months
- November 2025: not recommended
- December 2025: not recommended
- January 2026: not recommended
- February 2026: recommended
- March 2026: recommended
- April 2026: not recommended
- May 2026: recommended
- June 2026: recommended
- July 2026: recommended
- August 2026: recommended
- September 2026: not recommended
- October 2026: not recommended
- November 2026: not recommended (month in progress)
Why it carries the badge
- 37 people recommend itNeeds 10 or more, met.
- 5.3 recommenders for every criticNeeds 2 to 1 or better, met.
- Recommended in 6 of 13 monthsNeeds 4 or more, met.
The same three rules apply to every product, and the badge can’t be bought. How the badge works
What people say about it
The reasons people give, with the number of comments that give each one. Open a reason to read what they said.
Why people recommend it
Each mark is one comment
Explains LLM internals clearly, end-to-end
“What I find most valuable about this kind of project is how it forces you to understand the entire pipeline end-to-end.”
Comment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt” “does an awesome job explaining the very foundations of LLMs making it super understandable”
Comment from 25 Aug 2026 in “Show HN: A minimal implementation of LLM output watermarking” “Microgpt is really good, if you want to understand exactly what happens.”
Comment from 6 Jun 2026 in “How LLMs Work” - Comment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”
- Comment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”
- Comment from 6 Jun 2026 in “How LLMs Work”
- Comment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”
Small, readable code you can run
“I can actually run the training loops, which makes sense given the simplicity of the original microgpt”
Comment from 16 Feb 2026 in “Show HN: Microgpt is a GPT you can visualize in the browser” “It's so small and so fast to train, you can really dig deep into the optimization landscape.”
Comment from 5 Mar 2026 in “NanoGPT Slowrun: Language Modeling with Limited Data, Infinite Compute” “Andrej's code is really quite poetic, I love how much it packs into such a concise program”
Comment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt” - Comment from 2 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”
- Comment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”
- Comment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”
- Comment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”
Good for learning and education
“it's a great learning tool and it shows it can be done concisely”
Comment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt” “projects like this can spark creativity and critical thinking”
Comment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt” “a project like this can be invaluable for education”
Comment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt” - Comment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt”
Interactive visualizations aid understanding
“Great stuff! I wrote an interactive blogpost that walks through the code and visualizes it”
Comment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt” “I love the visualizations, especially the next token probabilities”
Comment from 24 Feb 2026 in “Show HN: Microgpt-ts – Full GPT in 500 lines of TypeScript, zero dependencies”
What people warn about
Each mark is one comment
Site seen as thin, AI-generated
“The attached website is a fully ai-generated "visualization" based on the original blog post with little added.”
Comment from 1 Mar 2026 in “Microgpt” “this is just a low-quality post with mostly empty words”
Comment from 17 Feb 2026 in “Show HN: Andrej Karpathy's microgpt.py to C99 microgpt.c – 4,600x faster”
What people recommend instead
The same counts for each, so you can compare like for like. The tick on each bar marks the 2 to 1 line the badge needs.
| Product | Recommend | Criticize | Approval | Months | Owned | Badge |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| microgpt by Andrej KarpathyThis page | 37 | 7 | 84% | 6 | — | Approved |
| nanoGPT by Andrej Karpathy | 8 | 0 | 100% | 6 | — | — |
What people said
40 of the 47 comments that mention it, newest first. Each links to the original comment.
“does an awesome job explaining the very foundations of LLMs making it super understandable”
“worthy of genuine applaud for being a good starting point for further work”
“I found it very helpful to look at karpathy's microgpt, a barebones LLM in 200 lines of python.”
“Definitely Andrej Kapathy's 250 line code of Micro GPT.”
“is the best in this genre in a long time”
“Microgpt is really good, if you want to understand exactly what happens.”
“I thought Karpathy’s microgpt explain how LLMs work”
“It's so small and so fast to train, you can really dig deep into the optimization landscape.”
“made it fast enough that you can also throw it around and learn its behavior by feel”
“this gpt just outputs random shit that looks like names”
“Now you can train it in under a second on one CPU core with no dependencies”
“The attached website is a fully ai-generated "visualization" based on the original blog post with little added.”
“the website is pretty neat if you are learning LLM internals”
“I feel its wrong to call it microgpt, since its smaller than nanogpt”
“As helpful again to an ML novice like me as Karpathy's original.”
“This guy is so amazing! With his video and the code base”
“together with the code it makes it so clear!”
“projects like this can spark creativity and critical thinking”
“it's great for exactly that purpose”
“the code is more or less a standard assignment in all Deep Learning courses”
“Great stuff! I wrote an interactive blogpost that walks through the code and visualizes it”
“incredibly useful for learning in depth the core of LLM's”
“That is really beautiful literate program.”
“What I find most valuable about this kind of project is how it forces you to understand the entire pipeline end-to-end.”
“It's like the same thing over and over again.”
“Andrej's code is really quite poetic, I love how much it packs into such a concise program”
“This is beautiful and highly readable”
“Karapthy with another gem !”
“when you see the memory layout spelled out in raw mallocs instead of hidden behind PyTorch abstractions”
“things you thought were hard in fact fit in a screen”
“it's a great learning tool and it shows it can be done concisely”
“a project like this can be invaluable for education”
“I love the visualizations, especially the next token probabilities”
“this is just a low-quality post with mostly empty words”
“Really nicely presented, well done!”
“on my desktop it works great!”
“The linked inspiration has a good blog post of microgpt implemented in python.”
“I can actually run the training loops, which makes sense given the simplicity of the original microgpt”
“Wtok and Wpos should be 26-dim along one of the axis but it shows a 16x16 matrix be default”
“this site assumed a bit too much knowledge for me to get much from it”
Counts come from 1,795,640 Hacker News comments, November 2025 to November 2026. How we count. Report a mistake.