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APL

Hacker Approved

Ranked 39 of 163 programming languages by recommenders

Recommended for terse array notation, readable code and changing how you think about problems. Common caveat: its unconventional syntax is hard to read without learning the language first.

Recommended for terse array notation, readable code and changing how you think about problems. Common caveat: its unconventional syntax is hard to read without learning the language first.

81 people gave an opinion

recommend it
66
criticize it
15
approval share
81%
Each figure is one person. RecommendsCriticizes

Recommended in 11 of 13 months

  1. November 2025: recommended
  2. December 2025: recommended
  3. January 2026: recommended
  4. February 2026: recommended
  5. March 2026: recommended
  6. April 2026: recommended
  7. May 2026: recommended
  8. June 2026: recommended
  9. July 2026: recommended
  10. August 2026: not recommended
  11. September 2026: recommended
  12. October 2026: recommended
  13. November 2026: not recommended (month in progress)

Owned for 44 years

Median of the 6 owners who said how long they have had it.

Each square is one year.

Why it carries the badge

  • 66 people recommend itNeeds 10 or more, met.
  • 4.4 recommenders for every criticNeeds 2 to 1 or better, met.
  • Recommended in 11 of 13 monthsNeeds 4 or more, met.

The same three rules apply to every product, and the badge can’t be bought. How the badge works

What people say about it

The reasons people give, with the number of comments that give each one. Open a reason to read what they said.

Why people recommend it

Each mark is one comment

  • Changes how people think about problems

    “APL warped my mind in such a way that it took almost a month to feel comfortable using anything else.”

    Comment from 11 Apr 2026 in “The APL Programming Language Source Code (2012)”

    “So the notation isn't just about readability, it's a tool for thinking about the operations.”

    Comment from 7 Dec 2025 in “Perl's decline was cultural”

    “It feels like a human communication tool more than any other PL I've mucked about with.”

    Comment from 26 May 2026 in “Mastering Dyalog APL”
  • Readable, maintainable code once learned

    “APL allows writing some of the most readable code out there, specifically because it makes whole-application architecture imminently more visible.”

    Comment from 23 May 2026 in “Thinking in an Array Language”

    “after learning APL to a high level, it now reads like a simple, direct expression of intent”

    Comment from 4 Nov 2025 in “Learning to read Arthur Whitney's C to become smart (2024)”

    “I have been able to read my own code and refactor stuff I've written months ago fine”

    Comment from 9 Apr 2026 in “What Does ⍋⍋ Even Mean?”
  • Terse notation keeps context close

    “the terseness of APL helps a great deal because the required context is never far away”

    Comment from 22 Jan 2026 in “In Praise of APL (1977)”

    “extreme density means you can see 'more' of the program on a given page”

    Comment from 3 Nov 2025 in “Learning to read Arthur Whitney's C to become smart (2024)”

    “In terms of economy of notation and unified concepts, APL has no match.”

    Comment from 1 May 2026 in “A Letter from Dijkstra on APL”
  • Strong first-class array handling

    “APL is the language that invented first-class arrays, and is far more advanced at it than most of its successors”

    Comment from 15 Oct 2026 in “Celebrating 70 Years of Fortran”

    “APL provided me with a whole different perspective on vector style operation”

    Comment from 14 May 2026 in “Saying Goodbye to one line of APL”

    “Learn the true power of array-like thinking and strong use of symbols.”

    Comment from 23 Jan 2026 in “In addition to Clojure, what other 2 languages are worth learning (2021)”

What people warn about

Each mark is one comment

  • Unconventional syntax hard to read

    “They have friction coming from an unconventional syntax that's hard to understand without knowing the language beforehand”

    Comment from 1 May 2026 in “A Letter from Dijkstra on APL”

    “tic-tac-toe in a single short line of code is cool—doesn't mean many people get over the syntax”

    Comment from 1 Nov 2025 on Hacker News

    “The only problem was, that line would then be almost impossible to read and understand!”

    Comment from 1 May 2026 in “A Letter from Dijkstra on APL”
  • Licensing and commercial cost concerns

    “neither OSS nor casually usable commercially, but instead comes under an enterprise license”

    Comment from 24 May 2026 in “Mastering Dyalog APL”

    “In the modern world there is no place for the commercial compiler.”

    Comment from 24 May 2026 in “Mastering Dyalog APL”

    “if it wasn't pay to use, or just, an absolute pain to install”

    Comment from 14 Dec 2025 in “Perl's decline was cultural”
  • Seen as incomplete or limited

    “the original APL has defects, due mainly to the fact that it was an incomplete programming language”

    Comment from 22 Jan 2026 in “In Praise of APL (1977)”

    “moderately useful conceptually, weakly useful mechanically. APL is very limited in what offers you”

    Comment from 24 May 2026 in “Mastering Dyalog APL”
  • Too dense compared with other languages

    “Perl and APL are just way too dense compared to Go and Python”

    Comment from 19 Nov 2025 in “What Killed Perl?”

    “people decided to invent APL to be even more bizarre”

    Comment from 1 May 2026 in “A Letter from Dijkstra on APL”

Other programming languages people recommend

The four most recommended other programming languages, with the same counts for each, so you can compare like for like. The tick on each bar marks the 2 to 1 line the badge needs.

APL compared with 4 alternatives
ProductRecommendCriticizeApprovalMonthsOwnedBadge
Rust2,03997368%134 yrs118 ownersApproved
Go1,25465166%135.9 yrs63 owners—
Python1,06782157%1218 yrs64 owners—
Zig74344962%121 yr27 owners—
APLThis page661581%1144 yrs6 ownersApproved
See all 163 programming languages, ranked

What people said

40 of the 103 comments that mention it, newest first. Each links to the original comment.

“APL is the language that invented first-class arrays, and is far more advanced at it than most of its successors”

RecommendsComment from 15 Oct 2026 in “Celebrating 70 Years of Fortran”

“array languages can now self-host on GPUs, which, APL-pilled, I now feel is better”

RecommendsComment from 7 Sep 2026 in “C Is Not a Low-Level Language (2018)”

“refreshingly simple and effective once you manage to overcome indoctrination you received since elementary school”

RecommendsComment from 30 Jun 2026 in “The MUMPS 76 Primer – anniversary edition”

“It feels like a human communication tool more than any other PL I've mucked about with.”

RecommendsComment from 26 May 2026 in “Mastering Dyalog APL”

“What I found was a language that rewarded deciphering APL programs and generating clever new ones.”

MixedComment from 24 May 2026 in “Mastering Dyalog APL”

“In the modern world there is no place for the commercial compiler.”

CriticizesComment from 24 May 2026 in “Mastering Dyalog APL”

“solutions in APL can be very efficient if they are written in a machine sympathetic way”

RecommendsComment from 24 May 2026 in “Mastering Dyalog APL”

“moderately useful conceptually, weakly useful mechanically. APL is very limited in what offers you”

MixedComment from 24 May 2026 in “Mastering Dyalog APL”

“neither OSS nor casually usable commercially, but instead comes under an enterprise license”

CriticizesComment from 24 May 2026 in “Mastering Dyalog APL”

“APL allows writing some of the most readable code out there, specifically because it makes whole-application architecture imminently more visible.”

MixedComment from 23 May 2026 in “Thinking in an Array Language”

“Learning new and weird things builds brain elasticity and vocabulary for you to express new ideas.”

RecommendsComment from 18 May 2026 in “NASA still maintains some of the Voyager spacecraft code from the 70s era”

“has all the characters visible across the window and is interactive with a REPL”

RecommendsComment from 14 May 2026 in “Saying Goodbye to one line of APL”

“APL provided me with a whole different perspective on vector style operation”

RecommendsComment from 14 May 2026 in “Saying Goodbye to one line of APL”

“matrix multiplication, inversion, dot products seemed to be more "math oriented" than other computer languages.”

RecommendsComment from 2 May 2026 in “A Letter from Dijkstra on APL”

“people decided to invent APL to be even more bizarre”

CriticizesComment from 1 May 2026 in “A Letter from Dijkstra on APL”

“In terms of economy of notation and unified concepts, APL has no match.”

RecommendsComment from 1 May 2026 in “A Letter from Dijkstra on APL”

“They have friction coming from an unconventional syntax that's hard to understand without knowing the language beforehand”

MixedComment from 1 May 2026 in “A Letter from Dijkstra on APL”

“The only problem was, that line would then be almost impossible to read and understand!”

CriticizesComment from 1 May 2026 in “A Letter from Dijkstra on APL”

“APL warped my mind in such a way that it took almost a month to feel comfortable using anything else.”

RecommendsComment from 11 Apr 2026 in “The APL Programming Language Source Code (2012)”

“every generation rediscovers and gets their mind blown as an educational experience”

RecommendsComment from 11 Apr 2026 in “The APL Programming Language Source Code (2012)”

“I have been able to read my own code and refactor stuff I've written months ago fine”

MixedComment from 9 Apr 2026 in “What Does ⍋⍋ Even Mean?”

“Completely different than APL, which has had perl's write-only label applied to it by programmers not used to reading terse mathematical notation.”

RecommendsComment from 9 Apr 2026 in “What Does ⍋⍋ Even Mean?”

“usually considered "write only", as in impossible to read what someone else wrote.”

MixedComment from 8 Apr 2026 in “What Does ⍋⍋ Even Mean?”

“Array languages are a surprisingly natural fit for audio synthesis beyond just novelty.”

MixedComment from 16 Mar 2026 in “Show HN: What if your synthesizer was powered by APL (or a dumb K clone)?”

“APL originally had a lot of its own symbols with very little reuse, and clear rules”

MixedComment from 20 Feb 2026 in “Ladybird: Closing this as we are no longer pursuing Swift adoption”

“Learn the true power of array-like thinking and strong use of symbols.”

RecommendsComment from 23 Jan 2026 in “In addition to Clojure, what other 2 languages are worth learning (2021)”

“the terseness of APL helps a great deal because the required context is never far away”

RecommendsComment from 22 Jan 2026 in “In Praise of APL (1977)”

“the original APL has defects, due mainly to the fact that it was an incomplete programming language”

MixedComment from 22 Jan 2026 in “In Praise of APL (1977)”

“Whitney's projections and views solve a tremendous amount of the problems that macros solve”

RecommendsComment from 21 Jan 2026 in “Are Arrays Functions?”

“if it wasn't pay to use, or just, an absolute pain to install”

CriticizesComment from 14 Dec 2025 in “Perl's decline was cultural”

“There's a lot to love in the APLs even you ultimately don't buy the fanboy arguments”

RecommendsComment from 14 Dec 2025 in “An Implementation of J (1992)”

“Dyalog enables BIG to react quickly to changing needs and provide custom solutions tailored to individual clients.”

RecommendsComment from 12 Dec 2025 in “Dyalog APL: Our (Not So) Secret Ingredient [video]”

“Dyalog was selected as the replacement system to provide the tools and expertise in-house”

RecommendsComment from 11 Dec 2025 in “Lessons Learned When Converting from APL+Win to Dyalog APL // Alex Holtzapple [video]”

“So the notation isn't just about readability, it's a tool for thinking about the operations.”

RecommendsComment from 7 Dec 2025 in “Perl's decline was cultural”

“they seem to be perfect for those who have developed an intense hatred of boilerplate and explicit loops”

RecommendsComment from 21 Nov 2025 in “Tube: A subway route planner in Dyalog APL (2011)”

“Perl and APL are just way too dense compared to Go and Python”

CriticizesComment from 19 Nov 2025 in “What Killed Perl?”

“capable of producing some of the most readable and maintainable codebases out there”

RecommendsComment from 13 Nov 2025 in “Array-programming the Mandelbrot set”

“after learning APL to a high level, it now reads like a simple, direct expression of intent”

RecommendsComment from 4 Nov 2025 in “Learning to read Arthur Whitney's C to become smart (2024)”

“extreme density means you can see 'more' of the program on a given page”

MixedComment from 3 Nov 2025 in “Learning to read Arthur Whitney's C to become smart (2024)”

“tic-tac-toe in a single short line of code is cool—doesn't mean many people get over the syntax”

MixedComment from 1 Nov 2025 on Hacker News

Counts come from 1,795,640 Hacker News comments, November 2025 to November 2026. How we count. Report a mistake.